Black holes are assumed to be one of the most destructive forces known in the universe, with nothing being able to escape from the gaping maw, not even light. Even, apparently, all known laws of physics crumble into the depths of black holes. So, how does the universe allow these objects to exist? Or, rather, they exist or are merely the product of the human misunderstanding?
Basically, the black holes are the product of gravity, the weakest of the four known forces in the universe. It is with Isaac Newton, where the first seeds of knowledge about black holes began to grow. With his law of universal gravitation, Newton proposed that the gravitational force acts on everything, even light. As Novikov (1990) says: "It is the understanding of the fact that light is also subject to gravitational forces of the early history of black holes has begun."
The first preliminary step in theorizing the existence of black holes was taken by the British natural philosopher John Michell in the 1783rd In his explanation of what is considered a very compact star should look like, Mitchell attempted to combine Newton's law of gravitation with a description of corpuscular light. Michell came up with the term "escape velocity", which explains the speed at which the particles to escape the body gravity. All the escape velocity will, by force of gravity to be pulled back down. Developing this idea further Michell came up with the theory of critical volume, which is the speed of light is its escape velocity of this body mass. Every thing in this critical range, then the light, even the reversal of the downward force of gravity is irresistible. Michell speculated that the number of stars in the universe, which came under the critical range, and is called dark stars. These "dark stars" are the eighteenth-century version of the black hole. Thirteen years later Laplace also predict these dark stars exist, but in the third edition of his famous work 'Le system du Monde "there was no mention at all of these dark stars.
It was in the next two centuries to the amazing discoveries in science have been forged, that in order to predict the existence of black holes. James Clark Maxwell (1865) Electromagnetic theory unified electricity and magnetism, who in the late nineteenth century there were two well-known three forces in the universe, and the other by gravity. Maxwell came up with four equations, which are known as the theory of electromagnetic fields, and it was provided that the first visible cracks in Newton view of the universe began to show.
The second bang was created when Albert Michelson began propagation time of light. In Newton view of the universe, space and time are absolute, and the speed of light is relative. Using what is now called "Michelson inferometer ', a very precise experimental techniques, Michelson found that there was no difference in the speed of light. This is the same in all directions regardless of the movement.
It is with the arrival of a physicist, Albert Einstein, who changed the fundamental nature of astrophysics. It was while working on the problem of trying to fit Maxwell's electromagnetic laws from Newton view of the universe that Einstein in a flash of inspiration, turned to the familiar laws of physics on its head. In one quick stroke Einstein rejected the Newtonian view of absolute space and time, requiring that space and time are relative. With that came up with two new basic principles.
